Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Bean common mosaic potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by L. Bos, 1981. Revised 1987. Condensed by A.J. Gibbs, 1995.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

bean common mosaic virus - serotype B, bean mosaic virus, bean western mosaic virus (Bos, 1964), mungbean mosaic virus (Abu Kassim, 1981; Kaiser and Mossahebi, 1974; Rao et al., 1986).

Acronym

BCMV

Strains

Many strains of the virus have been distinguished (Drijfhout et al., 1978). Those once grouped as serotype A are now considered isolates of a separate potyvirus species - bean common necrosis virus - and several viruses, once considered to be distinct, have now been shown to be strains of this virus (McKern et al., 1992). The latter include: azuki bean mosaic virus, blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, cowpea (aphid-borne) mosaic virus, cowpea (blackeye) mosaic virus, cowpea vein-banding mosaic virus, peanut blotch virus, peanut stripe virus and some isolates from soybean.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.007

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus coccineus - tolerant cultivars develop mosaic and malformation, sensitive ones show rugosity of lower leaves, mosaic, malformation of leaves and pods, those with the dominant necrosis gene develop vein necrosis, `black root' and death (especially above 26ºC).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora, A. fabae, Myzus persicae and other spp.; Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seed (up to 83% in Phaseolus vulgaris and from 7-22% in tepary bean); transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Drijfhout (1978) on breeding for resistance.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (in Phaseolus beans wherever they are grown). Spreads in China and the USA.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible (strain specific response). Experimentally infected plants mostly show mosaics, local lesions, necrosis - very variable.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium quinoa - faint chlorotic local lesions developing into green rings; not systemic.
• Macroptilium lathyroides - necrotic local lesions; systemic necrosis.
• Phaseolus vulgaris cvs Dubbele Witte, Stingless Green Refugee - green vein-banding, malformed leaves (Morales and Bos, 1987).
• Pisum sativum, Vicia faba - symptomless.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucumis sativus, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, N. glutinosa, Pisum sativum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Phaseolus vulgaris cvs Dubbele Witte and Stringless Green Refugee susceptible to all known strains.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Phaseolus vulgaris; Pisum sativum, Vicia faba latent or no infection.

Susceptible host species

• Cajanus cajan
• Cassia tora
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cicer arietinum
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lens culinaris
• Lupinus albus
• Lupinus angustifolius
• Macroptilium lathyroides
• Melilotus albus
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Phaseolus coccineus
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Sesbania exaltata
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Vicia faba
• Vicia sativa
• Vicia villosa
• Vigna angularis
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Arachis hypogaea
• Bauhinia purpurea
• Capsicum annuum
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura stramonium
• Lablab purpureus
• Lactuca sativa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Medicago sativa
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Pisum sativum
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (23/31)
• Solanaceae (2/7)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Compositae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (9/31)
• Solanaceae (5/7)

Sources of host-range data

Zaumeyer and Goth (1964); Thornberry (1966); Edwardson (1974); Drijfhout et al. (1977).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60 °C. LIV: 1-4 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-4. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Morales (1979).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; of 847-886 nm; 12-15 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 154-158 S. Density 1.31-1.32 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size about 10 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Bravo (1984).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L11890 Em(40)_vi:BCMCOATP Gb(84)_vi:BCMCOATP Bean common mosaic virus coat protein gene, 3´ end. 3/93 1,185bp.
• L12740 Em(40)_vi:BCMCPA Gb(84)_vi:BCMCPA Bean common mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 3/93 1,550bp.
• L15332 Em(40)_vi:BCMCP Gb(84)_vi:BCMCP Bean common mosaic virus coat protein gene, 3´ end. 5/93 1,144bp.
• L19472 Em(40)_vi:BCMCOATA Gb(84)_vi:BCMCOATA Bean common mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/93 1,139bp.
• L19473 Em(40)_vi:BCMCOATB Gb(84)_vi:BCMCOATB Bean common mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/93 1,127bp.
• L19474 Em(40)_vi:BCMCOATC Gb(84)_vi:BCMCOATC Bean common mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/93 1,174bp.
• L19539 Em(40)_vi:BCMCTP Gb(84)_vi:BCMCTP Bean common mosaic virus coat protein mRNA sequence, 3´ end. 6/93 1,123bp.
• L21766 Em(40)_vi:BCMCOAT Gb(84)_vi:BCMCOAT Bean common mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, 3´ end cds. 7/93 1,190bp.
• L21767 Em(40)_vi:BCMCOATPR Gb(84)_vi:BCMCOATPRO Bean common mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 7/93 1,183bp.
• S66251 Em(40)_vi:S66251 Gb(84)_un:S66251S1 polymerase, coat protein bean common mosaic virus BCMV, NL1, Genomic, 945 nt, segment 1 of 2
• S66252 Em(40)_vi:S66252 Gb(84)_un:S66252S1 polymerase, coat protein bean common mosaic virus BCMV, NY15, Genomic, 945 nt, segment 1 of
• S66274 Em(40)_vi:S66274 Gb(84)_un:S66274S1 polymerase, coat protein bean common mosaic virus BCMV, NL3, Genomic, 867 nt, segment 1 of 2
• S66275 Em(40)_vi:S66275 Gb(84)_un:S66251S2 polymerase, coat protein bean common mosaic virus BCMV, NL1, Genomic, 253 nt, segment 2 of 2
• S66276 Em(40)_vi:S66276 Gb(84)_un:S66274S2 polymerase, coat protein bean common mosaic virus BCMV, NL3, Genomic, 240 nt, segment 2 of 2
• S66279 Em(40)_vi:S66279 Gb(84)_un:S66252S2 polymerase, coat protein bean common mosaic virus BCMV, NY15, Genomic, 256 nt, segment 2 of
• Z15057 Em(40)_vi:BCMVCP Gb(84)_vi:BCMVCP Bean common mosaic virus gene for coat protein (partial). 2/94 1,119bp.
• Z17203 Em(40)_vi:BCMVNL3CP Gb(84)_vi:BCMVNL3CP Bean common mosaic virus NL-3 coat protein gene. 2/94 1,030bp.
• U19287 Em(43)_vi:Bc19287 Gb(89)_vi:Bcu19287 Bean common mosaic virus polyprotein gene, complete cds. 1/95 9,612bp.
• U20818 Em(43)_vi:Bc20818 Gb(89)_vi:Bcu20818 Bean common mosaic virus polyprotein gene, partial cds. 3/95 1,291bp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 32000-35000 (sometimes two of 32000 and 34000, are found). Method of preparation: Morales (1979); Bravo (1984).

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves and stems including the apical meristems; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; cylindrical i.e. pinwheels with associated scrolls (Edwardson's Group I).

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

17 potyviruses, including potato Y, watermelon mosaic 2, bean yellow mosaic, blackeye cowpea mosaic and soybean mosaic viruses.

Differences between type strain and others

• Isolates originally called azuki bean mosaic virus (Matsumoto, 1922) were first reported in Japan inducing mosaic and green vein banding in Vigna angularis. They are found throughout the East Asian region. They probably differ from type isolates in infecting Nicotiana tabacum, but neither Chenopodium amaranticolor nor Vicia faba.
• References.
• Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.
• Matsumoto, T. (1922). Byochugai Zasshi 9: 517.

  Isolates originally called blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (Anderson, 1995), cowpea (aphid-borne) mosaic virus, cowpea (blackeye) mosaic virus and cowpea vein-banding mosaic virus were first reported in the U.S.A. inducing mosaics, mottles, streaks and leaf malformation in Crotalaria spectabilis and Vigna unguiculata. They are found worldwide, and also do not infect Vicia faba. Some gene sequences have been determined.

• Sequence database accession codes:
• S66253 Em(40)_vi:S66253 Gb(84)_un:S66253S1 polymerase, coat protein blackeye cowpea mosaic virus BlCMV, W, Genomic, 945 nt, segment 1.
• S66280 Em(40)_vi:S66280 Gb(84)_un:S66253S2 polymerase, coat protein blackeye cowpea mosaic virus BlCMV, W, Genomic, 254 nt, segment 2, 2 sequences.
• References
• Anderson, C.W. (1955). Pl. Dis. Reptr 39: 349.
• Dijkstra, J., Bos, L., Bouwmeester, H.J., Hadiastono, T. and Lohuis, H. (1987). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 93: 115.
• Lovisolo, O. and Conti, M. (1966). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 72: 265.
• Tsuchizaki, T., Senboku, T., Iwaki, M., Pholauporn, S., Srithongchi, W., Deema, N. and Ching, A.O. (1984). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 50: 461.

  Isolates originally called peanut stripe virus (Demski et al., 1984), peanut chlorotic ring virus (Demski et al., 1988; Fukumoto et al., 1986; Wongkaew and Dollet, 1990), peanut mild mottle virus (Zeyong et al., 1983; Demski et al., 1988), peanut mosaic virus and sesame yellow mosaic virus were first found in Georgia, U.S.A. in Arachis hypogaea, which is not infected by type isolates. They cause severe mosaic, striping and stunting in several other legumes including Lupinus albus, Glycine max and Sesamum spp., and are transmitted not only by Aphis craccivora, but also A. glycines and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Some gene sequences have been determined.

• Sequence database accession codes:
• U05771 Em(40)_vi:PS05771 Gb(84)_vi:PSU05771 Peanut stripe virus, complete genome. 2/94 10,062bp.
• X63559 Em(40)_vi:PSTVCP Gb(84)_vi:PSTVCP Peanut stripe virus gene for capsid protein. 2/94 1,367bp
• Z21700 Em(40)_vi:PSV3TERM Gb(84)_vi:PSV3TERM Peanut stripe virus 370 capsid protein. 8/93 1,388bp. 3 sequences.
• References
• Demski, J.W., Reddy, D.V.R., Sowel, G. (1984). FAO Pl. Prot. Bull. 32: 114.
• Demski, J.W., Reddy, D.V.R., Wongkaew, S., Iwaki, M., Seleh, N. and Xu, Z. (1988). Phytopathology 78: 631.
• Fukumoto, F., Thongmeearkom, P., Iwaki, M., Choopanya, D., Sarindu, N., Deema, N. and Tsuchizaki, T. (1986). Tech. Bull. Trop. Agric. Res. Center, Japan 21: 150.
• Wongkaew, S. and Dollet, M. (1990). Oleagineux 45: 268.
• Zeyong, X., Ziling, Y. and Jialing, L. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 1029.

Additional comments on relationships

Peptide analysis and immunoblot tests show that this virus is very closely related to blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus (D. Shukla, personal communication).

Comments and References

References

• Abu Kassim, A.B. (1981). Malaysian Agric. J. 53: 29. See Rev. Pl. Path. 62: 119.
• Bercks, R. (1959). Phytopath. Z. 35: 105.
• Bos, L. (1964). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 70: 161.
• Bravo (1984). M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Valle, 126 pp.
• Drijfhout, E. (1978). Agric. Res. Rep. Wageningen, 872.
• Drijfhout, E. and Bos, L. (1977). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 83: 13.
• Drijfhout, E., Silbernagel, M.J. and Burke, D.W. (1978). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 84: 13.
• Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 5, p. 19.
• Kaiser, W.J. and Mossahebi, G.H. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 1209.
• Koenig, R., Lesemann, D.-E. and Vetten, H.J. (1991). 19th Ann. Newsl. for 1990 of the ISHS Veg. Virus Working Grp, p., 15.
• Lovisolo, O. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 73, 4 pp.
• Morales, F.J. (1979). Turrialba 29: 320.
• Morales, F.J. and Bos, L. (1988). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 337.
• McKern, N.M., Mink, G.I., Barnett, O.W., Mishra, A., Whittaker, L.A., Silbernagel, M.J., Ward, C.W. and Shukla, D.D. (1992). Phytopathology 82: 923.
• Pierce, W.H. (1934). Phytopathology 24: 87.
• Quantz, L. (1961). Phytopath. Z. 43: 79.
• Rao, G.P., Pandey, A.K. and Shukla, K. (1986). Indian Perfumer 30: 483.
• Reddick, D. and Stewart, V.B. (1918). Phytopathology 8: 530.
• Stewart, V.B. and Reddick, D. (1917). Phytopathology 7: 61.
• Thornberry, H.H. (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 307.
• Zaumeyer, W.J. and Goth, R.W. (1964). Phytopathology 54: 1378.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 16^th January 1997.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.